Hot, humid environments where normal cooling is insufficient.
Where 99.999% availability is mandatory.
In unattended situations where the computer runs a single application and is managed and maintained remotely.
Dusty, industrial settings where generic air filtering is inadequate.
Where vibration is prone to cause component failures.
In network centric warfare applications where mobile computing capability is mandatory.
In real-time control applications where sensor inputs trigger an immediate computer response: e.g., air contamination
Where performance-per-watt must be balanced between computing and power supply/cooling requirements